鐵藝護欄的施工質量，直接決定其使用壽命和安全性。以下6個環節，一個都不能省。

The construction quality of wrought iron guardrails directly determines their service life and safety. None of the following six steps can be omitted.

環節一：基礎施工

Step 1: Basic Construction

安裝前需按標準線抄平定位。挖掘基坑、澆筑混凝土基礎。基礎部分通過預埋鋼板或化學錨栓將立柱固定于混凝土基礎中。預埋間距根據現場尺寸及圖紙設計要求確定。

Before installation, it is necessary to level and position according to the standard line. Excavate foundation pits and pour concrete foundations. The foundation is fixed to the concrete foundation by pre embedded steel plates or chemical anchor bolts. The pre embedded spacing is determined based on the on-site dimensions and design requirements of the drawings.

環節二：框架搭建

Step 2: Framework construction

焊接支撐結構、安裝門柱。立柱一般采用方鋼或圓鋼，間距控制在1.5米以內。橫桿設置于上下兩端，增強橫向剛度。中間豎桿或裝飾性花格根據設計風格進行藝術造型。

Welding support structures and installing door posts. The columns are generally made of square or round steel, with a spacing controlled within 1.5 meters. The horizontal bars are set at the upper and lower ends to enhance the lateral stiffness. The middle vertical pole or decorative flower grid is artistically shaped according to the design style.

環節三：欄片安裝

Step 3: Fence installation

預制欄片用螺栓（鍍鋅M8）或焊接固定。網片與立柱的連接采用半圓頭方頸螺栓，配備防盜墊圈。豎桿間距需符合安全規范——≤110mm。

Prefabricated fence panels are fixed with bolts (galvanized M8) or welded. The connection between the mesh and the column adopts semi-circular head square neck bolts, equipped with anti-theft washers. The spacing between vertical poles must comply with safety regulations - ≤ 110mm.

環節四：焊接質量控制

Step 4: Welding Quality Control

焊接是護欄施工的關鍵環節。焊口需滿焊、無斷縫，打磨后與母材平齊，避免尖銳邊角。焊縫應飽滿、無夾渣、氣孔等缺陷。焊接完成后及時清除焊渣并進行防銹處理。抽檢10%做滲透探傷。

Welding is a crucial step in the construction of guardrails. The weld joint should be fully welded without any broken seams, and after polishing, it should be flush with the base material to avoid sharp edges and corners. The weld seam should be full and free of defects such as slag inclusion and porosity. After welding is completed, promptly remove welding slag and perform rust prevention treatment. 10% of the samples will be subjected to penetrant testing.

焊接材料選用E43型焊條，焊條需干燥無結塊。手工電弧焊采用E4303焊條，焊接電流90-120A，焊縫高度不小于3mm。

The welding material should be E43 type welding rod, which should be dry and free of lumps. Manual arc welding uses E4303 welding rod, with a welding current of 90-120A and a weld height of not less than 3mm.

環節五：防腐處理

Step 5: Anti corrosion treatment

焊接完成后，及時進行防銹處理。推廣使用熱浸鍍鋅或靜電噴涂等先進防腐工藝。表面處理包括除銹、防銹底漆及面漆。防銹漆、面漆需選用符合國家標準的防腐涂料。

After welding is completed, timely rust prevention treatment should be carried out. Promote the use of advanced anti-corrosion processes such as hot-dip galvanizing or electrostatic spraying. Surface treatment includes rust removal, rust proof primer, and topcoat. Rust proof paint and topcoat should use anti-corrosion coatings that meet national standards.

環節六：驗收標準

Step 6: Acceptance Criteria

安裝偏差必須符合國家規定和設計要求。欄桿垂直度、直線度誤差≤3mm，間距誤差≤3mm。用經緯儀檢測，偏差≤5mm/2m。焊接質量無咬邊、虛焊。

Installation deviation must comply with national regulations and design requirements. The verticality and straightness error of the railing are ≤ 3mm, and the spacing error is ≤ 3mm. The deviation is ≤ 5mm/2m when tested with a theodolite. The welding quality is free from undercutting and virtual welding.

批量較大的活件，先打樣讓委托方確認無誤后，方可批量生產。

Large batches of live parts should be sampled and confirmed by the client before mass production can begin.

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