濟(jì)南鐵藝大門以其古樸質(zhì)感與耐用性，成為建筑入口的標(biāo)志性裝飾，其制作需兼顧結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)固、造型美觀與地域適應(yīng)性，從材料甄選到工藝處理都有細(xì)致考量。

　　Jinan wrought iron gates, with their antique texture and durability, have become iconic decorations at building entrances. Their production requires careful consideration of structural stability, aesthetic appearance, and regional adaptability, from material selection to craftsmanship.

　　材料選擇需適配濟(jì)南氣候特點(diǎn)。主體框架宜選用 Q235B 碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼，其抗拉強(qiáng)度達(dá) 375-500MPa，厚度根據(jù)門體尺寸確定（單扇寬 1.5 米以內(nèi)用 50×50mm 方鋼，超過(guò)則用 60×60mm），確保抗風(fēng)載能力。裝飾花件可選用低碳鋼絲（直徑 3-8mm），柔韌性好便于鍛造造型，同時(shí)需進(jìn)行鍍鋅處理（鋅層厚度≥85μm），抵御濟(jì)南夏季多雨帶來(lái)的銹蝕。銜接部件如合頁(yè)、插銷，選用不銹鋼材質(zhì)（304 型號(hào)），避免與碳鋼接觸產(chǎn)生電化學(xué)腐蝕，延長(zhǎng)使用壽命。

　　The material selection needs to be adapted to the climate characteristics of Jinan. The main frame should be made of Q235B carbon structural steel with a tensile strength of 375-500MPa, and the thickness should be determined according to the size of the door (50 × 50mm square steel should be used for single leaf widths within 1.5 meters, and 60 × 60mm should be used for widths exceeding 1.5 meters) to ensure wind load resistance. Decorative flower pieces can be made of low-carbon steel wire (diameter 3-8mm), which has good flexibility and is easy to forge. At the same time, it needs to be galvanized (zinc layer thickness ≥ 85 μ m) to resist corrosion caused by rainy summers in Jinan. Connecting components such as hinges and pins should be made of stainless steel (304 model) to avoid electrochemical corrosion caused by contact with carbon steel and extend their service life.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)需平衡美學(xué)與實(shí)用性。框架采用榫卯拼接與焊接結(jié)合工藝，主框架焊點(diǎn)需滿焊處理，焊口高度不低于鋼材厚度的 2/3，焊后用角磨機(jī)打磨平整，確保承重均勻。門體高度通常控制在 2.2-2.8 米，寬度根據(jù)入口尺寸定（雙扇門總寬 3-4 米為宜），底部預(yù)留 10-15mm 間隙防地面沉降卡滯。裝飾部分可融入地域元素，如借鑒趵突泉石雕紋樣鍛造曲線花型，或用直線條勾勒山形輪廓，花件密度需適中（每平方米不超過(guò) 8 個(gè)復(fù)雜造型），避免過(guò)度繁復(fù)影響結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度。

　　Structural design needs to balance aesthetics and practicality. The frame adopts the process of mortise and tenon splicing and welding, and the main frame welding points need to be fully welded. The height of the welding joint should not be less than 2/3 of the steel thickness. After welding, it should be polished flat with an angle grinder to ensure even load-bearing. The height of the door body is usually controlled at 2.2-2.8 meters, and the width is determined according to the entrance size (the total width of double doors is recommended to be 3-4 meters). A gap of 10-15mm is reserved at the bottom to prevent ground settlement and jamming. The decorative part can incorporate regional elements, such as drawing inspiration from the stone carving patterns of Baotu Spring to forge curved flower patterns, or using straight lines to outline mountain shapes. The density of flower pieces should be moderate (no more than 8 complex shapes per square meter) to avoid excessive complexity affecting the structural strength.

　　鍛造工藝決定造型精度。彎花工序使用液壓彎管機(jī)，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)圖紙精準(zhǔn)定位彎曲角度（誤差≤1°），復(fù)雜花型需先制作 1:1 樣板，確保對(duì)稱部位尺寸一致。鍛造花紋時(shí)，采用局部加熱（溫度 800-900℃）配合手工捶打，使鋼材形成自然肌理，冷卻后用砂紙（從 80 目到 400 目）逐級(jí)打磨，去除氧化皮并呈現(xiàn)金屬光澤。拼接時(shí)先點(diǎn)焊固定花件位置，核對(duì)造型無(wú)誤后再滿焊，焊口需做防氧化處理（涂刷磷化底漆），防止后期銹蝕擴(kuò)散。

　　The forging process determines the precision of the shape. The bending process uses a hydraulic pipe bending machine to accurately position the bending angle (error ≤ 1 °) according to the design drawings. For complex patterns, a 1:1 template needs to be made first to ensure consistent dimensions of symmetrical parts. When forging patterns, local heating (temperature 800-900 ℃) is used in combination with manual hammering to form a natural texture in the steel. After cooling, sandpaper (from 80 mesh to 400 mesh) is used to polish step by step to remove oxide skin and present a metallic luster. When splicing, first spot weld the fixed position of the flower piece, check the shape for accuracy, and then fully weld. The weld joint needs to be treated with anti-oxidation (coated with phosphating primer) to prevent corrosion and diffusion in the later stage.

　　表面處理強(qiáng)化耐候性。除銹采用噴砂工藝（砂粒直徑 0.5-1mm），去除鋼材表面氧化層，露出金屬本色，粗糙度控制在 40-80μm 以增強(qiáng)涂層附著力。底漆選用環(huán)氧富鋅漆，干膜厚度≥60μm，形成電化學(xué)保護(hù)；中間漆用環(huán)氧云鐵漆，厚度≥40μm，提升屏蔽性能；面漆可定制啞光或半啞光效果（如深灰、墨綠），采用丙烯酸聚氨酯漆，耐候性達(dá) 8000 小時(shí)以上，抵御濟(jì)南強(qiáng)紫外線與酸雨侵蝕。最后在易積水部位（如下橫框底部）鉆孔排水，孔徑 5mm 且間距 300mm，避免積水銹蝕。

　　Surface treatment enhances weather resistance. The rust removal process adopts sandblasting technology (sand particle diameter 0.5-1mm) to remove the oxide layer on the surface of the steel, exposing the natural color of the metal. The roughness is controlled at 40-80 μ m to enhance the adhesion of the coating. The primer is selected as epoxy zinc rich paint, with a dry film thickness of ≥ 60 μ m, forming electrochemical protection; The intermediate paint uses epoxy mica iron paint with a thickness of ≥ 40 μ m to enhance shielding performance; The topcoat can be customized with matte or semi matte effects (such as dark gray, dark green), using acrylic polyurethane paint, with a weather resistance of over 8000 hours, resisting strong ultraviolet rays and acid rain erosion in Jinan. Finally, drill drainage holes with a diameter of 5mm and a spacing of 300mm in areas prone to water accumulation (as shown at the bottom of the horizontal frame below) to prevent water accumulation and corrosion.

　　安裝調(diào)試注重細(xì)節(jié)適配。門框與墻體連接用膨脹螺栓（M12×100mm），每邊固定點(diǎn)不少于 4 個(gè)，嵌入墻體深度≥60mm，安裝后用水平儀校準(zhǔn)，垂直度誤差≤3mm / 米。合頁(yè)安裝需確保上下同心，軸芯與門體間隙 0.2-0.5mm，開(kāi)關(guān)測(cè)試時(shí)門體應(yīng)能在任意角度停留，無(wú)卡頓或自動(dòng)沉降。鎖具選用防盜級(jí)別 B 級(jí)以上的機(jī)械鎖，鎖體與門框連接部位加裝 10mm 厚鋼板加固，防止暴力開(kāi)啟，同時(shí)預(yù)留門禁系統(tǒng)安裝位置，兼顧傳統(tǒng)與智能使用需求。

　　Installation and debugging pay attention to detail adaptation. Expansion bolts (M12 × 100mm) are used to connect the door frame to the wall, with no less than 4 fixing points on each side. The depth of embedding into the wall should be ≥ 60mm. After installation, a level should be used for calibration, and the verticality error should be ≤ 3mm/meter. The installation of hinges should ensure that the top and bottom are concentric, with a gap of 0.2-0.5mm between the shaft core and the door body. During the switch test, the door body should be able to stay at any angle without jamming or automatic settlement. The lock adopts a mechanical lock with anti-theft level B or above, and a 10mm thick steel plate reinforcement is installed at the connection between the lock body and the door frame to prevent violent opening. At the same time, a space for installing the access control system is reserved to meet the needs of traditional and intelligent use.

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